Battling Fleas

The flea is a hardy insect with a lifespan of six to 12 months with the potential to produce millions of offspring in its short life. Fleas have survived millions of years in a variety of environments. Some species can leap 15 to 36 inches high—equivalent to a man jumping over the 555-foot Washington Monument.

All that may be admirable, but fleas on your pet or in your household aren't. Fleas can cause reactions in your pet varying from a mild skin irritation to a severe allergic reaction. Because fleas feed on blood, an extreme infestation can cause anemia or even death in animals.

Fleas can be on your pet even if they're not visible. Scratching, scabs and dark specs, or "flea dirt," found on the skin can all be signs that your pet has become the unwitting host for a family of fleas. Fleas can carry tapeworms, too. In extreme cases, an animal may be lethargic and its lips and gums pale.

To battle flea infestation requires patience and perseverance. Because the life cycle of a flea is three to four weeks, it takes at least that long to completely rid your pet and its environment of the enemy. Different flea control products work in different ways, have varying levels of effectiveness and kill different flea stages (eggs, larvae and/or adults). You'll need to use a combination of products at the same time to be effective.

Dips, shampoos, powders and sprays will usually kill the adult fleas on your pet. Using a flea comb regularly will help, too. But more adults may be lurking in your home or yard, and eggs or larvae may be lying in wait, as well. You'll need to rid your house of fleas by vacuuming and washing your pet's bedding once a week, and using a disinfectant on washable surfaces and an insecticide or insect growth regulator in cracks and crevices every two to four weeks.

When using chemical products to control fleas, be very careful. You may be providing too much of a potentially toxic chemical if you use several products with the same active ingredient. Always check with your veterinarian before beginning your war on fleas. Even if you purchase an over-the-counter product, it's wise to consult your veterinarian for any safety concerns. To assist you with clearing your home of fleas, you may want to consider hiring a professional exterminator.

If yours is an outside pet, you'll need to tackle the yard, too. Sunlight kills fleas, so concentrate your efforts in the shady areas of your yard especially. You can spray your yard with insecticide, or you can battle fleas with their natural enemy, nematodes. Nematodes are microscopic worms that kill flea larvae and cocoons. Apply them to your yard once a month until the fleas are gone. Check with your veterinarian or your pet supply or garden stores to find out more.

Flea control has reached new levels in recent years. Today, there are products on the market that will help keep those annoying little jumpers away with just a monthly treatment. Insect growth regulators, or IGRs, are safe and act as flea hormones to interrupt the life cycle of the flea, preventing them from maturing into adult fleas. Depending on the product used, you may be giving your pet a pill, spraying his coat or applying a liquid substance to one area of his skin; the substance will spread to cover his body. These treatments are available only from your veterinarian and are given once a month. Consult with your veterinarian before implementing any flea control program.

Now that you're armed with some information, you can help your pet win the war against fleas.

Source: American Animal Hospital Association